Lirik Lagu Leaving On A Jet Plane

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Leaving On A Jet Plane

All my bags are packed, I'm ready to go 

I'm standing here outside your door 

I hate to wake you up to say goodbye 

But the dawn is breakin' it's early morn 

The taxi's waitin' he's blowin' his horn 

Already I'm so lonesome I could die 

So kiss me and smile for me

Tell me that you'll wait for me 

Hold me like you'll never let me go 

'Cause I'm leavin' on a jet plane 

Don't know when I'll be back again 

Oh, babe, I hate to go.

I hate to go

There's so many times I've let you down

So many times I've played around

I tell you now, they don't mean a thing

Every place I go, I'll think of you

Every song I sing, I'll sing for you 

When I come back I'll bring your wedding ring

So kiss me and smile for me

tell me that you'll wait for me 

Hold me like you'll never let me go 

'Cause I'm leavin' on a jet plane 

Don't know when I'll be back again 

Oh, babe, I hate to go.

I hate to go

Now the time has come to leave you

One more time, let me kiss you

Then close your eyes, I'll be on my way

Dream about the days to come

When I won't have to leave alone

About the times I won't have to say

Oh kiss me and smile for me

 tell me that you'll wait for me 

Hold me like you'll never let me go 

'Cause I'm leavin' on a jet plane 

Don't know when I'll be back again 

Oh, babe, I hate to go.

But, I'm leaving on a jet plane

Don't know when I'll be back again

Oh babe, I hate to go

Golden Gate Bridge

The Golden Gate Bridge links the city of San Francisco with Marin County to the north. Since the suspension bridge opened in 1937, it has been one of the principal landmarks of both San Francisco and California.

Golden Gate, strait in western California, at the entrance to San Francisco Bay, separating the bay from the Pacific Ocean. The strait is 8 km (5 mi) long and narrows to 1 km (0.6 mi) in width. The famous Golden Gate Bridge crosses the strait to connect San Francisco, on the south, with Marin County, on the north. Although the English explorer Sir Francis Drake visited the region of San Francisco Bay in 1579 and a scout for the Spanish colonial governor Gaspar de Portolá may have explored as far as the Golden Gate in 1769, the first Europeans known with certainty to have seen it were a party of soldiers sent by Portolá in 1772. The American explorer John Charles Frémont gave the strait the name Golden Gate in 1846.

The Golden Gate National Recreation Area, established in 1972 by the National Park Service, extends north and south of the Golden Gate and also includes Alcatraz and Angel islands, and the Presidio of San Francisco.

Source Taken From:

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

The Great Sphinx

More than 4000 years old, the Great Sphinx of Giza is the most famous emblem of ancient Egypt.

Sphinx, in ancient Egypt, the stone figure of a lion in a resting posture, the upper part of the body being that of a human, usually male rather than female. In Egypt sphinxes appear to have been set up along avenues that formed the approaches to temples.

The most famous of all Egyptian sphinxes is the Great Sphinx at Giza, near the pyramids. It guards the entrance to the Nile Valley. With the exception of the paws, it was carved from one block of stone and measures about 20 m (about 66 ft) high and about 73 m (about 240 ft) long. The statue, which probably dates from around 2500 bc, was intended to represent the Egyptian god Horus. In some Egyptian sphinxes the upper part of the body is that of a ram, and the creature is known as a Criosphinx. If a sphinx has the upper body of a falcon, it is known as a Hieracosphinx.

Both the legend and the figure of the Sphinx were probably introduced into Greece from Egypt, but the nature of the Sphinx became modified in Greek mythology and art. In Greek mythology, the Sphinx was a monster with the head and breasts of a woman, the body of a lion, and the wings of a bird. Lying crouched on a rock, she accosted all who were about to enter the city of Thebes by asking them a riddle, “What is it that has four feet in the morning, two at noon, and three at night?” If they could not solve the riddle, she killed them. When the hero Oedipus solved the riddle by answering, “Man, who crawls on four limbs as a baby, walks upright on two as an adult, and walks with the aid of a stick in old age,” the Sphinx killed herself. For ridding them of this terrible monster, the Thebans made Oedipus their king.

Source Taken From:

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Nebula

Picture of The Horsehead Nebula, an enormous interstellar cloud of gas and dust that located over 1000 light years away in the constellation Orion. This nebula is visible from Earth because it blocks light emanating from the stars located behind the nebula

Nebula, in astronomy, a localized conglomerate of the gaseous and finely divided dust particles that are spread throughout interstellar space. Before the invention of the telescope, the term nebula (Latin, “cloud”) was applied to all celestial objects of a diffuse appearance. As a result, many objects now known to be star clusters or galaxies were called nebulas.

Nebulas exist within other galaxies as well as in our own Milky Way galaxy. They are classified as planetary nebulas, supernova remnants, and diffuse nebulas, including reflecting, emission, and dark nebulas. Small, very bright nebulas known as Herbig-Haro objects are found in dense interstellar clouds, and are probably the products of gas jets expelled by new stars in the process of formation.

Planetary nebulas, or planetaries, are so called because many of them superficially resemble planets through telescopes. They are actually shells of material that an old average star sheds during a late, red giant stage in its evolution, before becoming a white dwarf. The Ring Nebula of the constellation Lyra, a typical planetary, has a rotational period of 132,900 years and a mass calculated to be about 14 times that of the earth’s sun. Several thousand planetaries have been discovered in the Milky Way. More spectacular but fewer in number are nebulas that are the fragments of supernova explosions, perhaps the most famous of which is the Crab Nebula in Taurus, now fading at the rate of about 0.4 percent per year. Nebulas of this kind are strong emitters of radio waves, as a result of the explosions that formed them and the probable pulsar remnants of the original star.

Diffuse nebulas are extremely large structures, often many light-years wide, that have no definite outline and a tenuous, cloudlike appearance. They are either luminous or dark. The former shine as a result of the light of neighboring stars. They include some of the most striking objects in the sky, such as the Orion Nebula in Orion (the middle “star” in the sword). The tremendous streams of matter in the diffuse nebulas are intermingled in violent, chaotic currents. Many thousands of luminous nebulas are known. Spectral studies show that light emanating from them consists of reflected light from stars and also, in so-called emission nebulas, of stimulated radiation of ionized gases and dust from the nebulas themselves.

Dark, diffuse nebulas are observed as nonluminous clouds or faintly luminous, obscuring portions of the Milky Way and too distant from the stimulation of neighboring stars to reflect or emit much light of their own. One of the most famous dark nebulas is the Horsehead Nebula in Orion, so named for the silhouette of the dark mass in front of a more luminous nebular region. The longest dark rift observed on photographic plates of the star clouds of the Milky Way is a succession of dark nebulas. Both dark nebulas and luminous nebulas are considered likely sites for the processes of dust-cloud condensation and the formation of new stars.

Source Taken From:

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Galileo Galilei

Italian astronomer Galileo made important discoveries about the Moon and the planets. He is most famous for arguing that the Earth goes around the Sun, which many scientists and leaders did not believe at the time.

No one was supposed to question any teachings about astronomy or physics in the 1500s. Most of the teachings came from ancient Greeks. Galileo thought that the ancient Greeks were wrong about many ideas. He believed that making careful measurements could help people learn accurate facts about astronomy and physics. Galileo was one of the people who began what we now call the modern scientific revolution.

LIFE AND CAREER

Galileo Galilei was born near Pisa, Italy, on February 15, 1564. After attending the university, he taught mathematics. He also observed how things move. There is a story that he dropped two objects of different weights at the same time from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. He found that light and heavy objects fell at the same rate. The ancient Greek Aristotle taught that heavier objects fell faster.

SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES

In the early 1600s, Galileo was the first person to use a telescope to look at objects in the night sky. He discovered many things, including mountains and craters on the Moon and four moons going around Jupiter. Galileo also defended the idea of Polish astronomer Copernicus that Earth goes around the Sun. The ancient astronomer Ptolemy said that Earth was the center of the universe and that the Sun went around Earth. Ptolemy’s system was the official teaching of the Roman Catholic Church. Church authorities ordered Galileo not to defend Copernicus’s theory.

HERESY TRIAL AND CONVICTION

In 1632, Galileo published a book that compared Ptolemy’s and Copernicus’s ideas. The book concluded that Copernicus was right. Galileo was ordered to go to Rome and stand trial for heresy (holding ideas opposed to church teachings). Galileo was forced to say that Copernicus was wrong. Galileo was sentenced to life in prison. He was old and sick, so instead they kept him inside his house. In 1992, Pope John Paul II said the church was wrong to convict Galileo of heresy.

Source Taken From:

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Louis Pasteur

French scientist Louis Pasteur discovered that tiny organisms, which he called germs, cause many diseases. He also showed that heating certain liquids, like milk, kills harmful germs in the liquid. This method was named pasteurization, after its creator

No one knew what caused infections when Louis Pasteur was a boy in the early 1800s. No one knew that germs spread disease. There were no antibiotics or other drugs. Many people died from infections.

Pasteur discovered that bacteria cause many diseases. He showed that bacteria get into living things and then multiply. He proved that diseases could be cured by stopping the spread of bacteria. This important discovery is called the germ theory of disease. It led to antibiotics and other medicines that kill bacteria. Pasteur’s discovery has saved the lives of many people.

HOW PASTEUR HELPED INDUSTRY

Louis Pasteur was born in France in 1822. He studied physics and chemistry in Paris. As a professor of chemistry, he worked on problems that affected French industry. The wine-making industry in France was in trouble during the mid-1800s because much of the wine was spoiling. Pasteur discovered that germs were getting into the wine and turning it sour. He found that heat killed these germs and prevented the wine from spoiling. Pasteur later applied his discovery to milk. His way of heating foods to kill bacteria is now called pasteurization.

Pasteur also helped the French silk industry. In the mid-1800s, a disease was killing off silkworms before they could spin silk threads. Pasteur showed that the disease was in the silkworm eggs and that getting rid of any infected eggs could keep the disease from spreading. Pasteur became a national hero in France for saving the wine and silk industries.

HOW PASTEUR PREVENTED DISEASE

Pasteur then discovered how to make vaccines to protect people and animals against disease. He observed that animals infected with a disease sometimes became immune to the disease—that is, protected from getting the disease again. Pasteur found that he could weaken germs in his laboratory. When he put weakened germs into the bodies of animals, the animals became immune to the disease caused by the germs. Pasteur made a vaccine to protect sheep against a disease called anthrax.

One of Pasteur’s most important discoveries was a vaccine against rabies. People can get this deadly disease if they are bitten by an animal infected with rabies. In 1885, a mother begged Pasteur to treat her young son who had been badly bitten by a dog with rabies. The vaccine worked, and the boy lived. Pasteur then became an even greater national hero. In 1888, the Pasteur Institute in Paris was founded in his honor. Pasteur became its director. He worked there until he died in 1895.

Source Taken From:

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Milky Way

The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. Spiral galaxies look like giant whirlpools or pinwheels. They have long arms made of gas-and-dust clouds and stars. The arms spiral, or circle around, the nucleus (center). And do you know that our solar system ( includes Sun, Earth, and other planets ) is just a little / tiny part of the Milky Way Galaxy, and The Milky Way contains billions of stars that larger than The Earth!

When you look up at the sky on a clear night, you see thousands of tiny points of light. A couple of the brightest points might be planets in the solar system. The rest are all stars. If you look closely, you might see a thick glowing band of faint white light crossing the sky. To see it, you’ll need to be somewhere without many streetlights. Ancient Greeks named this band of light the Milky Way.

The Sun is a star. It’s a lot closer to Earth than any other star, so it appears a lot brighter. The white glow of the Milky Way is made by billions of stars so far away that our eyes can’t see them as individual points of light.

WHAT IS THE MILKY WAY?

The Milky Way is a huge group of stars called a galaxy. There are billions of stars in the Milky Way. The Sun and all nearby stars are part of the Milky Way Galaxy. There are also huge clouds of gas and dust in between the stars. New stars form in the clouds of gas and dust.

The Milky Way Galaxy is shaped like a thick disk turning in outer space. There is a big bulge at the center of the disk. Curved arms spiral into the central bulge. The whole thing looks like an enormous whirlpool or pinwheel. Our Sun and solar system are in one of the whirlpool’s arms out toward the edge of the disk. That’s why the Milky Way looks like a band of light in the night sky. We’re looking at the edge of the disk instead of the round face.

The Milky Way turns slowly. Everything in the Milky Way orbits (circles) the center of the galaxy. It takes about 250 million years for our solar system to go once around the center of the Milky Way.

Astronomers think there might be an enormous black hole at the center of the Milky Way. A black hole sucks in everything around it. A black hole is invisible. Not even light can escape from a black hole.

The Milky Way is not the only galaxy in the universe. With powerful telescopes, we can see billions of other galaxies. Many of them are shaped like our own Milky Way, but some look like giant balls or strands of trailing stars.

HOW BIG IS THE MILKY WAY?

The Milky Way is huge. The entire Milky Way is about 100,000 light-years across. Astronomers measure great distances in light-years. One light-year is how far light travels in one year. Light travels extremely fast. A flash of light goes almost 6 trillion miles (10 trillion kilometers) in one year. That’s a 6 with twelve zeroes after it: 6,000,000,000,000! Even at that blazing speed, it would take a flash of light 100,000 years to cross the Milky Way.

The bulge at the center of the Milky Way is about 10,000 light-years thick. Our solar system is about 25,000 light-years from the center of the galaxy.

Source Taken From:

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Black Hole

Black holes are some of the strangest things in space. A black hole sucks in anything that gets near it. Nothing can escape from a black hole—not even light. A black hole also can twist space as they rotare.

BLACK HOLES ARE STRONG

Nothing escapes from a black hole because its gravity is so strong. Gravity is a force that pulls one thing to another. Gravity is the force that holds you down on Earth. When you jump up, Earth’s gravity pulls you right back down. Earth’s gravity also makes the Moon orbit (go around) Earth.

The more matter (stuff) that is packed in a star, planet, moon, or other object, the stronger is its gravity. Gravity makes an object with more matter pull an object with less matter toward it. The Sun has a lot more matter than Earth. The Sun’s gravity pulls on Earth. It makes Earth orbit the Sun.

Matter is packed very tightly in some things and loosely in others. The matter that makes up an iron ball is packed much tighter than the matter that makes up a bag of feathers. A scientist would say that an iron ball is much denser than a bag of feathers.

A black hole is denser than anything you could imagine. A black hole could have a million times more stuff than our Sun. All of this stuff would be packed into an area smaller than a city. The force of gravity from so much stuff packed into such a small area is awesome.

WHERE DO BLACK HOLES COME FROM?

Astronomers and physicists think black holes come from dying stars. A dying star burns out and stops shining. All the stuff that makes up the star starts falling in on itself. The star gets denser and denser. If the star is big enough and has enough matter, it could get dense enough to become a black hole.

STUDYING BLACK HOLES

No one has really seen a black hole. You cannot see black holes because they do not give off any kind of light. Physicists used math to predict that black holes exist.

Astronomers look for signs of black holes. Astronomers study powerful rays coming from stars in deep space. The stars seem to be orbiting black holes. Astronomers think that black holes are sucking gas from the stars, and this makes the stars give off X rays.

Galaxies are enormous groups of stars. Astronomers think that most galaxies have huge black holes at their centers. The Hubble Space Telescope took pictures of a disk of hot gases at the center of our own Milky Way Galaxy. Astronomers think this disk is going around an enormous black hole right in the center of our galaxy.

 

Source Taken From:

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Kebiasaan Yang Merusak Otak

Kebiasaan yang Merusak Otak

Tahukah kamu?Kebiasaan-kebiasaan kecil sehari-hari yang dianggap remeh ternyata berdampak negatif pada otak.

Sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan beberapa kebiasaan dalam beraktifitas harian seseorang bisa memengaruhi kinerja otak.karena itu, kamu perlu mengenali kebiasaan merugikan itu & selanjutnya menghentikannya.Berikut 8 kebiasaan yang masuk kategori yang perlu kamu hindari!

1.Tidak mau sarapan.Banyak orang yang menyepelekan sarapan.Padahal tidak mengonsumsi apapun dipagi hari menyebabkan turunnya kadar gula dalam darah.hal ini berakibat pada kurangnya pasukan masukan nutrisi pada otak yang akhirnya berakhir pada kemunduran otak.Sarapan yang terbaik dipagi hari bukanlah makanan berat seperti nasi goreng spesial,tetapi cukup segelas air putih & segelas jus buah segar.Ringkas & berguna bagi tubuh.

2.Kebanyakan makan.Terlalu banyak makan mengeraskan pembuluh otak yang biasanya menuntun orang pada menurunnya kekuatan mental.Jadi, makanlah dalam porsi yang normal.Biasakan menahan diri dengan cara berhenti makan sebelum kamu kekenyangan.

3.Terlalu banyak mengkonsumsi gula.Terlalu banyak asupan gula akan menghalangi penyerapan protein & gizi sehingga tubuh kekurangan nutrisi & perkembangan otak terganggu.Karena itu, kurangi konsumsi makanan manis favorit kamu.

4.Polusi udara.Otak adalah bagian tubuh yang paling banyak menyerap udara.Terlalu lama berada dilingkungan berpolusi membuat kerja otak tidak efisien.

5.Kurang tidur.Sering melalaikan tidur membuat sel-sel otak menjadi mati kelelahan.Sebaiknya tidur 6-8 jam sehari agar sehat & bugar.

6.Menutup kepala ketika sedang tidur.Tidur dengan kepala yang ditutupi  merupakan kebiasaan buruk yang sangat buruk karena karbon dioksida yang diproduksi selama tidur terkonsentrasi sehingga tercemar.Jangan heran kalau lama-kelamaan otak menjadi rusak.

7.Kurangnya stimulasi otak.Berpikir adalah cara yang terbaik untuk melatih kerja otak.Kurangnya berpikir akan membuat otak menyusut & akhirnya tidak nerfungsi maksimal.Rajin membaca & mendengarkan musik membuat otak kamu terbiasa berpikir aktif & kreatif.

8.Jarang bicara.Percakapan intelektual biasanya membawa efek bagus pada kerja otak.Jadi, jangan terlalu bangga menjadi pendiam.Obrolan yang bermutu sangat baik untuk kesehatan kamu.

Organisasi Olahraga Di Indonesia

1. Aero Sport = Federasi Aero Sport Indonesia / FASI
2. Anggar = Persatuan Anggar Seluruh Indonesia / IKASI
3. Atletik = Persatuan Atletik Seluruh Indonesia / PASI
4. Baseball = Perserikatan Bisbol dan Sofbol Amatir Seluruh Indonesia / PERBASASI
5. Berkuda = Persatuan Olahraga Berkuda Seluruh Indonesia / PORDASI
6. Berlayar = Persatuan Olahraga Layar Seluruh Indonesia / PORLASI
7. Biliar = Persatuan Olahraga Biliar Seluruh Indonesia / POBSI
8. Binaraga = Persatuan Angkat Berat dan Binaraga Seluruh Indonesia / PABBSI
9. Bola Basket = Persatuan Bola Basket Seluruh Indonesia / PERBASI
10. Bola Voli = Persatuan Bola Voli Seluruh Indonesia / PBVSI
11. Boling = Persatuan Boling Indonesia / PBI
12. Bulu Tangkis = Persatuan Bulutangkis Seluruh Indonesia / PBSI
13. Catur = Persatuan Catur Seluruh Indonesia / PERCASI
14. Dayung = Persatuan Olahraga Dayung Seluruh Indonesia / PODSI
15. Drum Band = Persatuan Drum Band Indonesia / PDBI
16. Golf = Persatuan Golf Indonesia / PGI
17. Gulat = Persatuan Gulat Amatir Seluruh Indonesia / PGSI
18. Judo = Persatuan Judo Seluruh Indonesia / PJSI
19. Karate = Federasi Olahraga Karate-do Indonesia / FORKI
20. Kartu = Gabungan Bridge Seluruh Indonesia / GABSI
21. Kempo = Persaudaraan Bela Diri Kempo Indonesia / PERKEMI
22. Kesehatan Olahraga = Kesehatan Olahraga Republik Indonesia / KORI
23. Liong & Barongsai = Persatuan Liong & Barongsai Seluruh Indonesia / PLBSI
24. Menembak = Persatuan Menembak dan BerburuIndonesia / PERBAKIN
25. Motor = Ikatan Motor Indonesia / IMI
26. Olahraga air = Persatuan Renang Seluruh Indonesia / PRSI
27. Olahraga Cacat = Badan Pembina Olahraga Cacat / BPOC
28. Olahraga KORPRI = Badan Pembina Olahraga Korps Pegawai Republik Indonesia / BAPOR KORPRI
29. Olahraga Mahasiswa = Badan Pembina Olahraga Mahasiswa Indonesia / BAPOMI
30. Olahraga Pelajar = Badan Pembina Olahraga Pelajar Seluruh Indonesia / BAPOPSI
31. Olahraga Sepeda = Ikatan Sport Sepeda Indonesia / ISSI
32. Olahraga Wanita = Persatuan Wanita Olahraga Seluruh Indonesia / PERWOSI
33. Panahan = Persatuan Panahan Indonesia / PERPANI
34. Panjat Tebing = Federasi Panjat Tebing Indonesia / FPTI
35. Pecak Silat = Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia / IPSI
36. Selam = Persatuan Olahraga Selam Seluruh Indonesia / POSSI
37. Senam = Persatuan Senam Indonesia / PERSANI
38. Sepak Takraw = Persatuan Sepak Takraw Seluruh Indonesia / PSTI
39. Sepakbola = Persatuan Sepak Bola Seluruh Indonesia / PSSI
40. Sepatu Roda = Persatuan Olahraga Sepatu Roda Seluruh Indonesia / PERSEROSI
41. Ski Air = Persatuan Ski Air Seluruh Indonesia / PSASI
42. Sport Dance = Ikatan Olahraga Dansa Indonesia / IODI
43. Squash = Persatuan Squash Indonesia / PSI
44. Taekwondo = Taekwondo Indonesia / TI
45. Tarung Derajat = Keluarga Olahraga Tarung Derajat / KODRAT
46. Tenis = Persatuan Tennis Lapangan Seluruh Indonesia / PELTI
47. Tenis Meja = Persatuan Tenis Meja Seluruh Indonesia / PTMSI
48. Tinju = Persatuan Tinju Amatir Indonesia / PERTINA
49. Wartawan Olahraga = Seksi Wartawan Olahraga Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia / SIWO PWI
50. wushu = Wushu Indonesia / WI

Sistem Otot Pada Manusia

SISTEM OTOT


Otot merupakan alat gerak aktif. Pada umumnya hewan mempunyai kemampuan untuk bergerak. Gerakan tersebut disebabkan karena kerja sama antara otot dan tulang. Tulang tidak dapat berfungsi sebagai alat gerak jika tidak digerakan oleh otot. Otot mampu menggerakan tulang karena mempunyai kemampuan berkontraksi.

Kerangka manusia merupakan kerangka dalam, yang tersusun dari tulang keras (osteon) dan tulang rawan (kartilago)
Fungsi kerangka:
1. Untuk menggerakan tubuh serta menentukan bentuk tubuh.
2. Melindungi alat-alat tubuh yang penting dan lemah, misalnya otak, jantung, dll.
3. Tempat melekatnya otot-otot
4. Tempat pembentukan sel darh merah dan sel darah putih
5. Alat gerak pasif

a. Tulang Rawan :
• Tulang rawan hanya mengandung sedikit zat kapur sehingga lunak.
• Tulang rawan terdapat pada bayi, dan bagian-bagian tertentu pada kerangka dewasa.

b. Tulang Keras :
Merupakan bagian utama pada kerangka dewasa. Susunanya terdiri dari sedikit sel-sel, dan matriknya diperkuat dengan zat kapur, sehingga kuat dan keras. Berdasarkan strukturnya, tulang keras dibedakan menjadi tulang kompak(padat) dan tulang spons. Sedangkan berdasarkan bentuknya dibedakan menjadi tulang pipih, tulang pendek, dan tulang panjang.

• Rongga di dalam tulang berisi sumsum tulang ada 2 macam yaitu sumsum kering dan sumsum merah.
• Pertumbuhan tulang terjadi pada tulang rawan embrional dan kemudian pada cakra epifise.

Persendian
Persendian adalah hubungan antara dua tulang atau lebih.
Persendian dibedakan menjadi 2 yaitu:

1. Hubungan Sinartrosis

• Sinkondrosis : antara tulang dihubungkan melalui tulang rawan sehingga memungkinkan sedikit gerak akibat elastisitas tulang rawan.
Contoh :
hubungan tulang rusuk dengan tulang dada.
Hubungan ruas-ruas tulang belakang.

• Sinfibrosis : kedua ujung tulang dihubungkan dengan jaringan ikat fibrosis yang pada akhirnya mengalami penulangan dan tidak memungkinkan adanya gerak.
Contoh :
Hubungan antar tulang-tulang tengkorak

2. Hubungan Diartrosis

Hubungan antar tulang ini memunkinkan terjadinya gerak karena pada ujung-ujung tulang terdapat lapisan tulang rawan hyalin, yang dilumasi dengan cairan synovial, meliputi :

• Sendi Engsel, terdapat pada hubungan antara :
o ruas-ruas jari
o siku
o lutut

• Sendi Putar, terdapat pada hubungan antara :
o tulang hasta dengan pengumpil
o tulang kepala dengan tulang atlas

• Sendi Pelana, terdapat pada hubungan antara :
o Ruas-ruas jari dengan telapak kaki

• Sendi Peluru, terdapat pada hubungan antara :
o tulang lengan dengan gelang bahu
o tulang paha dengan gelang panggul

• Sendi Kaku, terdapat pada hubungan antara :
o tulang-tulang pergelangan tangan
o tulang-tulang pergelangan kaki

Kelainan Pada Tulang
*Kelainan tulang karena kebiasaan yang salah :
• Lordosis, tulang punggung yang terlalu bengkok ke depan
• Kiposis, tulang punggung yang terlalu bengkok ke belakang
• Skoliosis, tulang punggung yang bengkok ke kiri atau ke kanan

*Kelainan tulang karena kekurangan gizi
• Kekurangan zat gizi seperti vitamin D, zat kapur, dan fosfor, dapat menimbulkan gangguan proses pembentukan tulang.

*Fraktura (patah tulang)

*Fisura (retak tulang)

*Arthritis (radang sendi)

*Memar


Jenis-jenis Otot:

• Otot Polos
• Otot Lurik/otot rangka
• Otot Jantung (miokardium)

Cara Kerja Otot
Dengan adanya protein khusus aktin dan miosin, otot bekerja dengan memendek (berkontraksi) dan mengendur (relaksasi)

Cara kerja otot dapat dibedakan :

• Secara antagonis atau berlawanan; yaitu cara kerja dari dua otot yang satu berkontraksi dan yang lain relaksasi.
Contoh: Otot trisep dan bisep pada lengan atas.

• Secara sinergis atau bersamaan; yaitu cara kerja dari dua otot atau lebih yang sama berkontraksi dan sama-sama berelaksasi.
Contoh : – otot-otot pronator yang terletak pada lengan bawah
- otot-otot dada
- otot-otot perut

Sistem Rangka Manusia

Fungsi sistem rangka adalah tempat melekatnya otot-otot rangka, menegakkan dan menopang tubuh, memberi bentuk tubuh, memungkinkan organisme untuk bergerak, tempat terbentuknya sel-sel darah merah  melindungi bagian tubuh yang lunak seperi otak, paru-paru, dan jantung. 

Berikut ini penjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai rangka.

Rangka manusia terdiri dari 206 tulang. Tulang tersebut terbagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu rangka aksial (tulang sumbu) dan rangka apendikuler (anggota tubuh). 

Kini saatnya kita membahas lebih rinci lagi, check it out.....

1. Rangka aksial 

Tulang aksial merupakan rangka-rangka penyusun sumbu tubuh. Contohnya:

a). Tulang tengkorak 

b). Tulang hioid 

c). Columna vertebrae (tulang belakang)

d)  Strenum (tulang dada) dan  Costa (tulang rusuk)

a. Tulang tengkorak 

Tulang tengkorak merupakan tulang yang berfungsi untuk melindungi bagian-bagian yang rawan, misalnya otak, organ pendengaran, dan organ penglihatan. Coba bayangkan apa yang terjadi jika kita tidak memiliki tulang tengkorak? wah, saya tidak mau membayangkan itu dulu. haha. baiklah, sekarang saatnya kalian menyimak tulang-tulang penyusun tengkorak.

Bagian Tulang : 

a. Tulang tempurung (kranium) 

Tulang penyusunnya : 

1. Tulang dahi (Frontalis) jumlahnya 1

2. Tulang ubun-ubun (Parientalis/Parietale) jumlahnya 2

3. Tulang pelipis (Temporalis) jumlahnya 2
4. Tulang kepala belakang (Osipitalis) jumlahnya 1
5. Tulang baji (Stenoid) jumlahnya 1
6. Tulang tapis (Ethmoid) jumlahnya 1


b. Tulang wajah
Tulang penyusunnya :
1. Tulang rahang atas (Maksilaris) jumlahnya 2
2. Tulang hidung (Nasalis) jumlahnya 2
3. Tulang pipi (Zigomatikus) jumlahnya 2
4. Tulang air mata (Lakrimalis) jumlahnya 2
5. Tulang langit-langit (Palatinus) jumlahnya 2
6. Tulang konka nasalis inferior jumlahnya 2
7. Tulang rahang bawah (mandibula) jumlahnya 1
8. Tulang vormer jumlahnya 1


b. Tulang Hioid

Tulang hioid merupakan tulang yang terletak di antara laring dan mandibula. Tulang ini berfungsi sebagai tempat melekatnya beberapa otot mulut dan lidah.Tulang hioid berjumlah satu pada manusia. 

c.  Columna vertebrae (tulang belakang)

Tulang belakang merupakan rangkaian tulang tunggal, bentuknya tidak teratur dan memanjang dari ujung kepala sampai ujung ekor. Tulang belakang berfungsi menyangga berat tubuh. Tulang tersebut kokoh tapi fleksibel oleh karena itu manusia dapat melakukan berbagai macam gerakan yang misalnya berdiri ataupun duduk. 

Bagian tulang           : Tulang belakang

Tulang penyusunnya  : 

1. Tulang leher (Serviks) jumahnya 7

2. Tulang punggung (Thorax) jumlahnya 12

3. Tulang pinggang (Lumbar) jumlahnya 5 

4. Tulang selangkang (Sacrum) Jumlahnya 5 pada bayi, setelah dewasa maka jumlahnya menjadi 1

5. Tulang ekor (koksigea) Jumlahnya 4 pada bayi, setelah dewasa maka menjadi 1


d.  Strenum (tulang dada) dan Costa (tulang rusuk)

Tulang dada berhubungan dengan tulang belakang . Tulang dada dan tulang rusuk berfungsi untuk melindungi organ-oragan yang terdapat di dalam dada seperti jantung dan paru-paru.

a. Bagian tulang :  Tulang dada
Penyusunnya :
1. Manubrium, jumlahnya 1
2. Gladiolus, jumlahnya 1
3. Xifoid, jumlahnya 1
ketika dewasa, ketiga tulang ini berfungsi menjadi satu kesatuan.


b. Bagian tulang: Tulang rusuk (costa)
Penyusunnya     :
1. Tulang rusuk sejati, jumlahnya 7
2. Tulang rusuk palsu, jumlahnya 3
3. Tulang rusuk melayang, jumlahnya 2


2. Rangka Apendikuler

Rangka apendikuler merupakan rangka penyusun gerak.

Bagian tulang :
a. Bagian atas :
Penyusunnya :
1. Tulang selangka (Klavikula), jumlahnya 2
2. Tulang belikat (Skapula), jumlahnya 2
3. Tulang pangkal lengan (Humerus), jumlahnya 2
4. Tulang hasta (Ulna), jumlahnya 2
5. Tulang pengumpil (Radius), jumlahnya 2
6. Tulang pergelangan tangan (Karpal), jumlahnya 16 (8 pada setiap tangan)

7. Skafoid

8. Lunate 

9. Triquetrum

10. Pisiform

11. Trapesium

12. Trapesoid

13. Kapitatum

14. Hamate

15. Tulang telapak tangan (Metakarpal), jumlahnya 10
16. jari tangan (falanges), jumlahnya 28

Gerak Pada Tumbuhan

Gerak pada tumbuhan terjadi karena tekanan turgor, tumbuh atau pindah tempat yang disebabkan karena adanya rangsangan.

Menurut penyebabnya gerak pada tumbuhan dibedakan menjadi :

A.    Gerak higroskopis

Adalah gerak yang disebabkan oleh pengaruh pertumbuhan kadar air.

Contoh :

- pecahnya buah polongan (petai cina, jarak)

- membukanya anulus pada sporangium (kotak spora) pada tumbuhan paku-pakuan

- membuka dan menutupnya sporangium pada tumbuhan lumut oleh peristom

B.    Gerak ethionom

Adalah gerak tumbuhan yang disebabkan oleh rangsangan dari luar. Berdasarkan sifatnya gerak ethionom dibedakan menjadi :

1.     Tropi atau tropisme               

Adalah gerak bagian tubuh tumbuhan ke arah rangsang (tropi positif) dan menjauhi rangsang (tropi negatif), meliputi  :

- Fototropi (heliotropi) : adalah gerak batang ke arah cahaya.

- Geotropi : adalah  gerak   tumbuh  akar  ke  pusat bumi.

- Hidrotropi :  adalah  gerak  tubuh  tumbuhan  ke arah air.

-  Tigmotropi (haptotropi) : adalah gerak membelok bagian tanaman sebagai akibat persinggungan .

contoh : membelitnya ujung batang dan sulur Cucurbitaceae.

-  Kemotropi :  adalah gerak karena rangsang kimia

contoh : akar menuju zat makanan atau menjauhi zat racun             

2.    Taksis (gerak pindah tempat)

Adalah gerak pindah tempat oleh tumbuhan (besel satu) atau bagian tumbuhan menuju atau menjauhi arah datangnya rangsang, meliputi  :

-  Fototaksis : rangsangannya cahaya

                     contoh :

                     Cloroplas bergerak ke sisi sel yang mendapatkan cahaya matahari.

                     Euglena viridis selalu bergerak menuju tempat yang terkena cahaya.

                     Spora  jamur Pilobolus akan bergerak menuju tempat yang terkena cahaya.

-  Kemotaksis : rangsangannya adalah zat kimia

                     contoh :

                     Bacteri aerob selalu berkumpul pada tempat yang banyak oksigen.

                     Spermatozoid bergerak menuju sel telur pada peristiwa pembuahan lumut. Rangsangan penyebabnya adalah zat gula atau protein.

3.     Nasti

Adalah gerak bagian tubuh tumbuhan sebagai tanggapan terhadap rangsangan yang datangnya dari luar.

Gerak nasti disebabkan oleh perubahan tekanan turgor pada jaringan tertentu,

meliputi  :

-  Seismonasti : adalah gerak akibat pesinggungan

                     contoh : gerak menutupnya daun putri malu (Mimosa pudica) bila terkena sentuhan.

-  Niktinasti : adalah gerak tidur sebagai rangsang-annya gelap.

                     contoh : gerak menutupnya daun majemuk pada daun petai cina waktu malam.

-  Fotonasti : rangsangannya adalan cahaya

                     contoh :  seperti mekarnya bunga pukul empat (Mirabilis jalapa) pada sore hari.

-  Thermonasti :

-  Nasti kompleks :

C.    Gerak endonom atau autonom (spontan)

Gerak ini merupakan gerak tumbuhan yang tidak disebabkan rangasangan dari luar. Di duga gerak yang terjadi disebabkan oleh rangsangan yang berasal dari dalam tumbuhan itu sendiri.

Contoh :  gerak sitoplasma sel Hydrilla dan bawang merah

Cara Memindahkan Data Dari iTunes

1. Download dan instal iTunes versi 8 ke atas di http://www.apple.com/itunes/download. Lalu instal. Isi iTunes dengan file musik yang ada di komputer Anda. Lakukan ini melalui File > add file atau add folder to library. Pilih folder musik Anda dan biarkan iTunes yang memindahkannya untuk Anda.
2. Masih di iTunes. Jika file musik Anda mencapai angka yang melebihi bataskapasitas iPhone (8 dan 16 GB), buat plasylist baru. Klik tanda + yang ada di bawah kiri iTunes. Lalu beri nama sesuka Anda, contoh: "iPhone 3G". Pindahkan file musik kesukaan sesuai kapasitas iPhone kedalam playlist baru ini.
3. Hubungkan iPhone ke PC dengan kabel yang disediakan. Tunggu beberapa saat hingga muncul tulisandi pojok kanan bawah "your device is now connected and ready to use".
4. Kembali ke iTunes. Pastikan iPhone 3G telah terbaca. pastikan Anda menghapus tanda contreng di ketiga parameter option. Hal ini untuk mencegah hilangnya file karena sinkronisasi yang tidak diinginkan.
5. Atur konfigurasi sesuai kehendak. lalu masuk ke Music. Contreng Sinc Music playlist yang Anda buat tadi (iPhone 3G), lalu klik Apply yang terletak disudut kanan bawah ponsel.
6. Setelah selesai, semua file yang ada di playlist tadi akan tersinkronisasi dengan iPhone dan Anda bisa menikmatinya di ponsel Anda. Ketika kita ingin menambah lagu atau menghapus lagu. Lakukan ini di playlist iTunes komputer, bukan iPhone. Lalu lakukan lagi sinkronisasi.

Cara Mengkompress Foto

Foto yang dibidik dari kamera digital, umumnya beresolusi tinggi. Itu berarti foto yang dihasilkan juga akan memiliki ukuran yang cukup besar yaitu berkisar 2 MB lebih. Ukuran sebesar ini jika kita upload dengan kecepatan koneksi internet rata-rata di Indonesia akan membutuhkan waktu sekitar 2 menit bahkan bisa lebih.

Sekarang coba hitung, bila kita meng-upload foto lebih dari satu ? Lama sekali bukan?

Untuk itu ada baiknya, kalau kita ingin meng-upload foto ke Multiply, Facebook, atau situs yang lain, kita kompres dulu fotonya agar ukurannya lebih kecil. Tunggu, mungkin Anda protes begini “nanti kualitas foto menurun dong?”

Tenang tak perlu khawatir, pengecilan ini tak akan berpengaruh banyak dengan kualitas foto Anda saat tampil di screen nanti. Perlu diketahui bahwa foto untuk keperluan web/blog nggak perlu sebagus foto untuk keperluan cetak-mencetak.

Untuk keperluan cetak-mencetak memang semakin besar ukurannya, maka akan semakin bagus kualitasnya, tetapi kalau untuk keperluan web/blog beda! Ukuran foto untuk keperluan web/blog hanya perlu beberapa kilo byte(kb) saja sudah cukup.

Untuk mengkompres beberapa foto sekaligus, Anda bisa menggunakan software pengolah foto Picasa yang dapat download di sini. Setelah Anda instal, ikuti langkah-langkahnya seperti berikut:

1. Bukalah folder yang berisi foto Anda

2. Kemudian klik File > Export Picture to Folder…

3. Di kotak dialog yang muncul, di bagian Image Size Options pastikan Anda memilih Resize to dilanjutkan dengan mengatur slider. Di sini Anda juga bisa menambahkan watermark, supaya foto Anda tidak dibajak.

4. Jika sudah tekan OK, secara default foto hasil kompresi akan di simpan di My Pictures > Picasa Exports > Nama Folder.

Puisi Kepada Guru

Kenanglah Guruku

Kenanglah guruku

Sebagai sosok wibawa

Yang membawa pengaruh besar

Dalam hidupku

Kenanglah guruku

Yang memberi ilmu

Yang memberi semangat

Yang memberi pelajaran tentang arti hidup

Kenanglah guruku

Sebagai cahaya penyemangat

Cahaya penerang dalam kebutaan

Kebutaan akan ilmu pengetahuan

Kenanglah guruku

Sang pembimbing yang tak kenal lelah

Patriot sejati

Pahlawan bangsa

Kenanglah guruku

Tak peduli seberapa sakit yang ia rasakan

Derita yang ia alami

Ia tetap tersenyum

Kenanglah guruku

Sosok panutan bagiku

Inspirasiku

Cahaya hidupku